Advanced TMJ Imaging-A Review

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases and disorders refer to a complex and poorly understood set of conditions, manifested by pain in the area of the jaw and associated muscles, and limitations in the ability to make the normal movements of speech, facial expression, eating, chewing, and swallowing. Knowledge of the different imaging tests and their appropriate indications is crucial to establish the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders. Definitive and rational diagnoses or treatments can only be achieved through a comprehensive understanding of the causative factor, predisposing factors, and pathogenesis of TMJ diseases. Radiographic examination forms an integral component of the clinical assessment routine in patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Imaging of the TMJ is continuously evolving with advancement of imaging technologies. Latest imaging modalities is making easier for those clinicians in evaluation of hard tissues of the temporomandibular joint complex in patients with orofacial pain. They have greatly contributed to the understanding of diseases of the temporomandibular joint. The present paper attempts to highlight the various advance imaging modalities for TMJ diagnosis.