Determinant Analysis of Gestational Anemia in Indonesia

Background: Anemia gestational is a condition of red blood cell count or hemoglobin concentration lower than 11 g/dl in the first and third trimesters and lower than 10,5 g/dl in the second trimester of pregnancy. This situation has a negative impact on maternal and fetal health. WHO estimates, about 40% women worldwide are anemic. The trend of anemia gestational in Indonesia was increased over years, from 41% in 2013, 43,7% in 2018 to 44,2% in 2019. Objectives: the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between anemia gestational based on maternal age, gestational age, education level, employment status, place of residence, parity, ANC visits, iron supplementation, and chronic energy conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 538 women from total sampling technique. Logistic regression model was employed to determine the relationship between independent variables on dependent variable. Result: Factors associated with anemia gestational in Indonesia were: maternal age, gestational age, ANC visits, and KEK (p≤0,05). This study also showed that education level, employment status, place of residence, parity and iron supplementation were not related to anemia gestational among pregnant women in Indonesia. Conclusion: The most dominant factor affecting anemia gestational was gestational age, that the third trimester of gestational age was 3 times more likely to be anemic (OR=2,581, 95% CI: 1,530−4.355, p−value <0,005)