The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Chronic Lower Limb Vein Disease (Literature Review)

INTRODUCTION: An analysis of publications of domestic and foreign literature was carried out and a review on endothelial dysfunction in patients with varicose saphenous veins of the lower extremities was presented. We searched Elibrary and PubMed biomedical publication databases for the required information for the last 5 to7 years using keywords: varicose saphenous veins of lower extremities, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction markers. Today, diseases of the cardiovascular system occupy a leading position with the most common of them being chronic venous disease that affects 10% to 30% of the adult working-age population of the Russian Federation. Varicose veins cover a wide range of conditions from minor telangiectasia to pronounced varix dilatation of veins and severe venous insufficiency with venous ulcers. The endothelium is not only a barrier between blood and tissues, but also a kind of endocrine organ that produces a number of vasoactive substances that maintain homeostasis and perform, depending on environmental conditions, both an antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilating effects, and a procoagulant, inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effects. Endothelial dysfunction is considered by many domestic and foreign authors as the main link in the development and progression of many diseases, including varicose veins. CONCLUSION: Determination of the dynamics of some markers of endothelial dysfunction and connective tissue dysplasia in patients with varicose saphenous veins of the lower extremities is a priority direction in prevention of disease progression. Despite ongoing research, many aspects of the pathogenesis of varicose veins of the lower extremities are still unclear. Further study of the basic factors of the development and progression of the pathology of the venous system is important for elaboration of algorithms for effective pathogenetic correction and improving the quality of life in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities.