Exploration of Matrix Metalloproteinase and its Interplay in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic syndrome with abnormality in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and is characterized by absolute and relative deficiency of insulin secretion. DM leads to its most common and frequent complication –Diabetic kidney disease. Oxidative stress induced by decreased antioxidant defenses and /or increased free radical formation are involved in causative factor and diseases in diabetes, is an evidence based study. Materials and Methods: The studied group consisted of 50 subjects with diabetes nephropathy recruited from Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, GSH, Catalase, AOPPs, NO and MDA) were determined by using the method of spectrophotometry. Vitamins (C, E, A and D) and inflammatory markers (TNF-, and IL-6) were analyzed by using commercially available Elisa kits. Results were analyzed through T test by using SPSS version 16. Results: Hematological profile of diabetic nephropathy patients was observed. Abnormal changes were found in platelets count and lymphocytes predicting coagulation and inflammation inside body. Antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH-GPx) and vitamins (A, E, C, D) were decreased. Oxidative markers and inflammatory markers such as MDA, MPO and AOPPs were found to be increased. Conclusion: It is clear that hyperglycemia activates the various signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which further activates signaling cascades. It causes the structural and functional alterations in kidney that enhance the complications associated with diabetic nephropathy.