The Human Chromosome 21 Gene TIAM-1 Over-Expressed in Down Syndrome Could be a Valuable Predictive Biomarker and a Potential Therapeutic Target for Treatment of Multiple Clinical Tumors and Cancers

Down syndrome, the triplication of human chromosome 21, is the most frequent genetic disorder associated to numerous diseases with hard impact on public health. Remarkably, the over-expression of most genes on this chromosome causes transcriptional alterations and dosage imbalance of proteins on other chromosomes that impair several genetic networks and signalling pathways. Interestingly, some crucial chromosome 21 genes such as TIAM-1 (T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1) play important roles and regulates multiple signalling pathways involved in cell shape, cell polarity, cell migration, cell adhesion, cell invasion, cell growth and survival and consequently TIAM-1 could be a useful predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for treatment of aberrant developmental cell processes and for treatment of multiple tumors and cancers.