Video data security: analysis, relevance and open challenges

With the rapid advancement of technology, ensuring authentication and security in communication over long distances has become a primary concern. The film industry is particularly vulnerable to the unauthorized distribution of digital videos, which can be easily disseminated to a global audience due to widespread internet access. Video watermarking has gained significant importance in various applications such as copyright protection, security, fingerprinting, copy control, and annotation. Watermarking, whether in the form of an image, audio, or video, is a technique used to embed additional information within a digital video signal. This embedded information is utilized for copyright owner detection. Consequently, several methods for digital video watermarking (DVW) have been developed to address this issue. Watermarking has emerged as a crucial means of verifying ownership, ensuring authenticity, and safeguarding copyrights. Researchers employ watermarking techniques to hide confidential information, which can be made either visible or obscured based on the user's requirements. This approach plays a vital role in determining the ownership of information. To ensure secure watermarking, an optimization process is often employed. This paper presents an overview of the diverse trends and techniques adopted in the field of digital watermarking. It aims to provide a comprehensive guide to research scholars interested in exploring this area of study.