CARDIAC FUNCTION EVALUATION THROUGH ECHOCARDIOGRAM IN RECENTLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus being a modern day disease has occupied a significant place in burdening the health care system.The abnormalities in the glucose metabolism have a significant impact on the cardiovascular system and usually is an unfavourable outcome.In this study, persons with type II diabetes mellitus were assessed for developing cardiac dysfunction (Left ventricular) and its prevalence by comparing with asymptomatic control group. Age and gender were matched among these two groups. Objectives: The primary objective was toevaluate the left ventricular reserve (systolic & diastolic) in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The secondary objective is to assess the risk factorscontributing in the development of heart failure among diabetic patients. Methods: This case control study was explored among the recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus (Type 2) patients who were visitingdiabetic OPD. Approval for the conductance of the study was obtained from the Institutes scientific committee and the Institutes ethics committee. The study period was from January, 2022 to March, 2023. In study group recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were considered as the participants based on the revised criteria for diagnosing diabetes mellitus taken from American Diabetes Association. LV systolic functionwas assessed from the following calculated with the M- mode echocardiogram. Results: Incidence of diastolic dysfunction in study population was 28%, whereas in control population was 10%. Diastolic dysfunction based on the distribution amongst study population is 50% between 40-50 years. Gender distribution of derangement in diastolic function amongst study population were 31.25% amongstfemales, 22% amongst males and in controls was 10% amongst females, 10% amongst males. Conclusion: The incidence of abnormal diastolic function was notablyincreasing in recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus (type 2) patients as paralleled to participants with normal glucose metabolism. Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction amongst newly diagnosed male and female diabetics is in the ratio of 2:1. Risk factors like advanced age, abnormal BMI, PPBS, raised HbA1c, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride values are significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction.