Derivation and cloning: the inner form of lodging establishment names of Lviv, Krakow, and Vienna in the early 20th century

The paper is a study in the field of comparative European socio-cultural onomastics. Following the previously elaborated and tested tenets, it centres upon the lodging establishment names of Lviv, Krakow, and Vienna at the beginning of the 20th c., also including the relevant data of the Varsovian onomasticon of the period. The former cities then belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire; at the same time, they were part of several different and and historically variable linguistic-cultural areals and systems. In particular, the author regards their hotel signage as part of the common European inventory of disembodied proper names, realized by its regional varieties. It is the author's contention that genetically, the inner form of researched hotel names is of double nature, relating to what he terms their ultimate underlying item, on one hand, and on the other, and coincidentally, to more or less general stocks of European and national ‘ready-made' hotel names, which he considers as emerging by means of cloning from precedent and prototypal items. As a result, a name can be of both deappellative and deonomastic origin. The categorial parameters of derivation employed in the study include, basically, proper / common underlying name distinction, and within the former, various subtypes of toponyms, such as names of cities, countries, regions, large geographical entities, anthropogenic and physiogenic chrematonyms, and names of city features immediately associated with a hotel, and also culturally marked anthoponyms. Cross-cutting these are features of national appurtenance, determining the general geopolitical orientation of a specific city hotel naming, such as the Polish one with Krakow, Lviv, and Warsaw (with the latter, also the German, although to a lesser degree) and the Austro-Hungarian as well as Anglo-Saxon with Vienna. With deappellative names, relevant is the evaluative vs. descriptive distinction, the latter variant specified as coinages from the venue's locality or its emblem