Confocal Raman Microscopy Analysis of Ceramic-Resin Cement Junction: New Self-Etching Ceramic Primer Compared with Classic Protocol |Biomedgrid

Nowadays, ceramics are widely used in dentistry because of their biocompatibility, aesthetic suitability, and improved, simplified, and reliable adhesive bonding techniques [1,2]. Ceramic adhesive restoration (CAR) has become the preferred technique for the restoration of vital or endodontic teeth [3-6]. Ceramic pretreatment involves the creation of a microrough surface, followed by the application of a ceramic primer that facilitates its bonding with a hydrophobic resin cement [7]. Classic pretreatment includes etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF), followed by the application of a primer containing organo-silane to increase the surface energy [8]. However, HF can be toxic to the human body as well as the environment-imprudent users run the risk of suffering from acute and chronic symptoms [9,10]. To simplify the pretreatment, a new self-etching ceramic primer is proposed in this study, which can be used to replace the aforementioned process with a safer, onestep protocol [11,12]. This process, which conducts etching and salinization simultaneously, serves as a viable alternative to the classic protocol. Confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) is used to compare the efficacies and environmental impacts of the proposed method and the traditional one [13].