The Amines Applied in SAPO-34 Synthesis: Investigating Crucial Factors in Templating Behavior of Amines

SAPO-34 has emerged as a highly versatile and valuable substance with exceptional capabilities across a wide range of industries, including the production of light olefins. Its high pore volume, excellent shape selectivity, suitable acidity, and superior hydrothermal stability make it a highly sought-after material. Amines, as structure-directing agents, play a vital role in the synthesis of SAPO-34. A diverse array of amines have been proposed for the synthesis of SAPO-34, each with a different templating behavior that can significantly impact the physiochemical properties of the resulting material. This review comprehensively investigates the templating behavior of amines based on pivotal factors such as size, shape, alkalinity, polarity, volatility, and environmental friendliness. This article provides a detailed overview of the most popular amines used for the SAPO-34 synthesis and examines the effects of the characteristics of each of these amines on the properties of synthesized SAPO-34, including crystallinity, purity, acidity, and surface area. This analytical view of the issue can aid in the targeted selection of amines for synthesizing SAPO-34 with desired characteristics.