Camel Trypanosomiasis “Dhukaan” in Lower Juba Region of Somalia: Importance and Microscopic Survey

Camel trypanosomiasis is the most significant animal disease in the camel zone of Somalia. The Somali camel is also found in the southern areas of Somalia, which have a high density of vectors, including Glossina. The economic importance of camels in Somalia is well recognized; however, little is known about camel trypanosomiasis, especially in the southern part of the country. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2022 to July 2023 to discuss the importance and prevalence of camel trypanosomiasis in the Lower Juba Region using interviews and blood films, respectively. A total of 126 blood samples from seven herds from three sites in Kismayo district were conveniently collected and microscopically screened for trypanosomes. The seven herders were interviewed for their awareness and the importance of the disease in the area. The overall prevalence was 4/7 (57.1%) and 13/126 (10.3%) at herd and individual levels, respectively. The mean PCV% of the infected camels was (24.85±5.87%) lower than the others (26.64±2.68) with a p-value of 0.053. Significant differences in the prevalence were reported between herds (p-value = 0.005), sites (p-value = 0.005), PCV% (p-value = 0.001), body conditions (p-value = 0.032), and mix-infection with other erythrocytic parasites (p-value = 0.019). Adopting a nomadic system, all the respondents were owners and men, and only one of them was unmarried. The Holy Qur’an was the level of education for all of them. Their knowledge about trypanosomiasis and its importance among other camel diseases, as well as their local names, was discussed. In conclusion, ranking third, camel trypanosomiasis is highly prevalent and moderately important in the region. Molecular studies on trypanosomes and tick-borne pathogens, as well as their socioeconomic importance, are recommended.