FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHING-LEARNING OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

This abstract aims to provide a brief overview of the significant factors that influence the teaching and learning process of English as a second language (ESL). It highlights various internal and external factors that can greatly impact ESL education. Understanding these factors is crucial for educators and learners to effectively address potential challenges and optimize the language learning experience. Internal factors refer to characteristics inherent in the learner or teacher, such as their motivation, cognitive abilities, personality traits, and prior language knowledge. Motivation plays a vital role in language learning, as learners with high motivation tend to actively engage in the learning process and persist in face of difficulties. Cognitive abilities, including memory, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, contribute to the learners' language proficiency. Moreover, individual personality traits such as extroversion, openness to experience, and self-confidence may influence the learners' willingness to participate in classroom activities and use English in real-life situations. External factors encompass a wide range of influences that exist outside of the individual, including cultural, social, and environmental aspects. Cultural differences may affect ESL learners' language learning experiences, as language is interwoven with cultural norms, values, and beliefs. Social factors, such as peer interactions and the attitudes of family members and community towards language learning, can either facilitate or hinder the acquisition of English as a second language. Additionally, the learning environment, including the availability of resources, teaching methods, and classroom activities, also plays a crucial role in the learning process. Other factors include language policies and curriculum design, which may shape the teaching and learning strategies employed in ESL classrooms. Furthermore, technological advancements have introduced new possibilities and challenges in ESL education. The integration of technology, including digital tools and online resources, offers innovative and interactive language learning opportunities. However, issues such as access to technology and the digital divide can create disparities in ESL learning experiences.