POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING: RETROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STATISTICAL STUDY

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a relatively frequent side effect during the first 24 hours following surgery and a major source of discomfort for patients. These are transient symptoms, which can worsen the functional prognosis, but also vital following the occurrence of serious complications. Our objective was to determine the real incidence of PONV in patients operated in our facility, to analyze the different risk factors found in the literature and to evaluate the relevance of our preventive and therapeutic strategies in this matter. We included 92 patients operated from September 23, 2021 to December 09, 2021 in a prospective observational study conducted in the different surgical departments (gynecology, visceral surgery, ear nose and throat department , traumatology) at the Mohamed V provincial hospital of Sefrou. The overall incidence of PONV was 47%. It was 23% at 6 hours and 24% at 24 hours. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and nausea and vomiting was 17%, 11%, and 19%, respectively. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of PONV were : age (p=0.049), duration of surgery (p<0.01) and type of anesthesia (p=0.043). A preventive strategy with metoclopramide 10mg injectable at induction was followed in only 18% of cases, but was not effective on the occurrence of PONV. Indeed, it was noted that our practitioners had little interest or awareness of an appropriate preventive and curative protocol or strategy. We recommend the development of an antiemetic prophylaxis and the use of a preventive and therapeutic protocol for postoperative nausea and vomiting. For this, our work proposed at the end a practical brochure adapted to our context and which would be applicable in any national hospital structure.