BRAF and KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer |Biomedgrid

Activation of RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK, MAP pathways play an important role in colon cancer. The prevalence of colorectal cancer was generally in the sigmoid and rectum, but the mutations studied were more likely to cause cancer in the cecum, upper colon, and transverse colon, indicating a link between the tumor site and the type of mutation. To reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, KRAS and BRAF mutations and MSI status in precursor lesions such as HPS, SA, and adenomas can be evaluated. Mutations in the MAPK signaling genes (NRAS, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA) in pairs or triplets will have a synergistic effect on CRC antitumor potency. Therefore, their identification using different methods such as PCR and NGS is important because of these mutations on treatment choice and response. Direct sequencing technique is less sensitive in detecting KRAS and BRAF mutations. Using higher sensitivity techniques such as COLD-PCR followed by HRM analysis, the sensitivity in detecting KRAS and BRAF mutations will be significantly higher than conventional PCR methods. A combination of SERS and PCR, which has high sensitivity and low Detection Limit (DL), can be used to detect these mutations in cfDNA.