A survey on the development of Islamic higher education in Indonesia: an epistemological review

Social changes, development and advancement of humans’ culture influence education as inseparable aspect of human life. In line with Islamic higher education many thinkers proposed their ideas of how to formulate its appropriate epistemological background in different views. There are some notable persons for this field, such as Iqbal, F azlur Rahman, Afzalur Rahman, Al-Faruqi which to some extent parallel or influence Indonesian thinkers’ such as Mukti Ali, Harun Nasution, Cak Nur , Amin Abdullah, etc. Some are still at the level of speculative thought, while others have applied their ideas in educational institutions, like Amin Abdullah and Imam Suprayoga.