Effect of Sodium Arsenic on the Improvement of TiO2/Dye as Photosensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)

The research presents the synthesis and fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) on the influence of sodium arsenic on the enhancement of TiO2/dye as photosensitizers, where Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) were used as a source of the chlorophyll, sodium arsenic (NaAs) material of different concentration (0.1-0.4 mol), was synthesized as a layer on top of TiO2. The surface morphology study of TiO2/NaAs 0.1, TiO2/NaAs 0.2/ bitter leaf dye, TiO2/NaAs 0.3/ roselle dye, and TiO2/NaAs 0.4/the mixture of bitter leaf dye and roselle dye revealed that the micrograph is usually defined with the granular shape of nanotubes. The grain size of TiO2/NaAs 0.1 is not too large and delineated by an immense sum of aggregated nanoparticles. The cells structure is polycrystalline with a most outstanding peak at 2 theta angles of 26.73° and 51.84o corresponding to hkl index numbers (111) and (202). The films have a very high absorbance from the plot, and the absorbance of the films increases as the dye molecules vary. The high absorbance of the films shows that the DSSCs will be a good material for photovoltaic applications. The fill factor of the films is 0.54, 1.24, 1.23, and 0.99 respectively while the conversion efficiency of 0.86%, 4.48%, 3.44%, and 1.81% was recorded.