EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES IN DIAGNOSING PRE-DEMENTIA AND DEMENTIA DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Journal: Journal of the Grodno State Medical University (Vol.21, No. 6)Publication Date: 2024-01-11
Authors : A. A. Lakutin T. A. Emelyantseva L. A. Zhilevich V. A. Korzun;
Page : 583-587
Keywords : Alzheimer's disease; neuropsychological scales; pre-dementia disorder; dementia;
Abstract
Background. Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death in the world. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading form of dementia worldwide, accounting for about 60-70% of cases. Almost 10 million new cases of dementia occur each year. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of using neuropsychological scales MMSE, FAB and MoCA in the diagnosis of pre-dementia and dementia disorders taking into account the leading impairments of cognitive functions in individuals with AD. Material and methods. The study included 85 patients (M/W=26/59 (30.6%/69.4%) with cognitive disorders due to AD, aged 74±12.5 years. Clinical and neuropsychological study of the presence and severity of cognitive impairment in patients with AD was performed. Result. According to the results of a comparative analysis of the use of neuropsychological scales MoCA, MMSE, and FAB in the diagnosis of pre-dementia and dementia disorders in patients with AD, it was found that the MoCA scale (AUC=0.96) had the highest predictive value in our study. The combined use of MMSE and FAB scales (AUC=0.95) also showed high prognostic significance in the diagnosis of pre-dementia and dementia disorders. The lowest prognostic significance was shown by the use of the FAB scale (AUC=0.73). At the stage of pre-demanding disorders in persons with AD, opto-spatial disorders are either absent or have an insignificant degree of severity. According to the results of the study, opto-spatial disorders at the pre-demand stage in patients with AD were detected significantly less frequently (χ2=11.14; pPearson<0.001). Conclusion. The MoCA scale (AUC=0.96) has the highest predictive value in the diagnosis of pre-demanding and dementia disorders in patients with AD in our study. Additional diagnostics of opto-spatial disorders in patients with AD allows increasing the sensitivity (from 80% to 90%) and specificity (from 92.3% to 94.1%) of the MoCA scale in the diagnosis of pre-demanding and dementia disorders in patients with AD.
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