Molecular Marker-Based Identification and Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Fusarium spp. - А Review

The Fusarium genus encompasses filamentous fungi of global significance in agriculture, ecology, and the food industry. Certain members of this genus act as plant pathogens, leading to substantial fungal infections in crucial crops, especially cereals. Many Fusarium species produce mycotoxins that are species or even strain-specific, contaminating the food chain and posing risks to both animal and human health. Identifying Fusarium species remains a formidable challenge due to the dynamic taxonomy within the ge¬nus. Traditional identification relies on biological, phylogenetic, and morphological criteria. However, mod¬ern genomic analysis techniques have revolutionized species identification, including that of Fusarium spp. Established molecular markers like the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA-ITS1), Translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), Intergenic spacer region of rDNA (ISG), and Beta-tubulin (β-tub) facilitate precise genetic identification. The “DNA barcoding” method, recognized in scientific literature, offers a meticulous approach to molecular identification and taxonomic classification of Fusarium species. Integrating traditional identification methods with contemporary DNA analysis tech¬niques broadens the possibilities for discerning and establishing phylogenetic relationships among closely related mycotoxigenic species. This integrated approach greatly aids in the development of effective control and management strategies.