Optimizing Adaptive Video Streaming: A Comprehensive Review of Predictive Models and Mathematical Approaches for Buffer Management

— As the demand for high-quality video streaming continues to surge, the need for adaptive streaming protocols that can dynamically adjust to varying network conditions becomes paramount. This review paper explores the critical role of buffer management in optimizing the user experience in adaptive video streaming scenarios. Focusing on predictive models and mathematical approaches, the paper surveys existing techniques, delves into the challenges faced by current strategies, and presents innovative solutions that leverage mathematical modeling for effective buffer management. The review categorizes and analyzes predictive models, emphasizing their role in anticipating future network conditions to optimize buffer size and content pre-fetching. Additionally, it evaluates the performance of these models using a range of metrics, from traditional buffering parameters to usercentric measures. Real-world case studies showcase successful implementations, providing insights into the impact on user experience and network efficiency. The paper concludes by outlining current challenges, proposing future directions, and emphasizing the importance of advancing predictive models for buffer management in adaptive video streaming.