Морфологічні категорії дієслова у традиційних і нових семантико-граматичних вимірах

The article deals with the problem of applying the semantic-grammatical approach to the qualification of morphological categories of verbs in Ukrainian traditional and modern linguistics. The paper aims at the comparative study of the status and hierarchy of these categories in V. M. Rusanivsky's grammatical descriptions of verbs and in new works on theoretical morphology. The paper defines the main differences in the latest qualification of morphological categories of verbs, in particular their differentiation on the basis of semantic motivation / unmotivation into proper-verb categories (categories of time, mood, aspect) and improperverb categories (categories of person, number and gender). It is established that, depending on the connection with different subsystems of the grammatical system, verb categories have acquired the status of interlevels (morphological-word-forming category of the aspect, morphological-word-forming-syntactic categories of transitivity / intransitiveness and voice). According to the new opposition of unreal meanings (hypothetical action, process, state — the desirability of action, process, state), the author outlined the category of mood, which led to the removal of the actual mood from its structure and the allocation of conditional, imperative, desirable and motivating mood. The author characterizes a new set of aspectual categories of verbs against the background of their traditional qualifications. It is proposed to remove from the paradigm of passive state constructions those constructions that contain verbs of the imperfect form with the postfix -ся, which was traditionally considered a typical means of creating passive equivalents to transitive verbs of the imperfect form. The author substantiates the concept according to which the morphological-word-forming-syntactic category of voice is based on the opposition of gramemas with the meaning of transient action and resultant state, which is typically realized by transitive verbs with meaning of action and analytical verbs expressing resultant state as a consequence of action.