FEATURES OF DIACRONIC TRANSLATION OF A LEGAL DOCUMENT (OLD FRENCH)

Diachronic translation in the context of modern translation studies allows you to get acquainted with written monuments of past times, as well as their cultural, historical, and social aspects. The object of the study is diachronic translation as a special type of translation. A separate place among the medieval written sources is occupied by the texts of office work and legal proceedings, which initiated the formation of the official business style of the sphere of law in its modern form. One of these written monuments is an ancient official document in Old French by Philippe de Beaumanoir “Coustumes de Beauvaisis” (French “Coustumes de Beauvaisis”). This medieval legal document is the material of the study. The relentless interest in written monuments as keepers of the cultural heritage of the past times determines the relevance of the topic. The translation of official texts in a historical context makes it possible to identify the features of the functioning of terms and concepts in history and their evolution over time. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the diachronic translation of a medieval official document of the 13th century “Coustumes de Beauvaisis” in Old French. At the moment, there is no complete translation of this document into Russian. In this regard, the implementation of the translation of some sections of the document, as well as the identification of the features of diachronic translation, constitute the novelty of the study. In the course of working with the text, the following methods were used: the method of interpretation, translation studies, descriptive and contextual types of analysis which allowed in the process of pre-translation analysis of a text passage to identify the specifics of the use of legal and economic terms, species-temporal verb forms of the past tense, as well as to interpret particular specific situations characteristic of medieval France. As a result, our pre-translation analysis allowed us to choose a translation strategy as lying between imitating archaization and moderate modernization. The interpretation of the linguistic facts of the medieval text contributed to the understanding of the non-linguistic reality of the Old French period and allowed us to recreate the document in the translated language so that it was understandable to our contemporaries.