Epidemiological and hematological aspects of idiopathic diarrhea in dairy cattle at Sirajganj district of Bangladesh

Cattle diarrhea poses a significant risk to the global livestock sector, leading to considerable economic setbacks and impacting the well-being of animals. This research aimed to assess the clinical and hematological changes associated with idiopathic diarrhea in cattle in the Baghabari area of the Sirajganj District of Bangladesh. The study involved surveying dairy cattle to record their case history, followed by the collection and measurement of hematological indices in those animals suffering from idiopathic diarrhea. The survey identified 39 diarrheic crossbred cattle (2 males and 37 females), ranging in age from 1 month to 11 years. The findings revealed a higher prevalence of diarrheal cases in cows (94.87%) compared to oxen (5.13%), particularly among pregnant cows (64.86%). The most common historical observations included repeat breeding (81.08%), abortion (78.38%), decreased milk production (43.24%), fever (15.64%), and congenital defects (17.95%) in diarrheic cattle. Hematological analyses indicated a significant increase in lymphocytes and immunoglobulin levels, while eosinophil, basophil, and red blood cell distribution width were notably lower in diarrheic cattle compared to healthy ones. However, other hematological parameters remained unaffected. In summary, the study suggests that bovine diarrhea may influence hematological profiles and body physiology, with the extent depending on the disease's etiology and complexity.