Recent Developments in Environment-Friendly Methods for Valuing Leather Waste as a Means of Promoting the Circular Economy: A Comprehensive Review

The leather processing industry produces a significant quantity of waste materials, which can be treated in a manner that is consistent with the concepts underlying the circular economy. This article provides an overview of ways to recycle substances or energy from tannery waste, such as thermal, biological, chemical and other procedures. These approaches have the potential to facilitate the recovery and recycling of a diverse range of recyclable chemical substances like chromium, fats, gelatin vitamins, hydrolysate and minerals, biomass, and microbial waste products for use in other manufacturing operations. All the methods related to leather waste valorization have been discussed in this study to illustrate the recent development in techniques and processes of leather waste. The incorporation of the concept of circular economy has also been depicted. The premise of the circular economy model is that any waste product from the leather industry may be recycled and utilized again in the leather-producing process or in other related sectors. This study demonstrates that the circular economy approach to leather production offers chances for collaboration and innovation across several industries. Collaboration among organizations may lead to the discovery of innovative methods to minimize waste, enhance productivity, and extract value from resources that would otherwise be disposed of. The overview also addresses the state of waste legislation today and how it affects the environment. Technologies for sustainable and intelligent valuation allow for high recycling levels without negatively impacting the natural environment.