Peculiarities of Formation of the Term System of International Trade: Linguocultural and Ecolinguistic Aspects

The article discusses linguistic and cultural factors influencing the formation of Russian and Chinese terminology systems in the field of international trade . Associated with the inclusion of terms in the systems of Russian and Chinese languages trends are studied from the point of view of linguoculturology and linguoecology. The relevance of the work is determined by the practical need to establish similarities and differences between Russian and Chinese language terminological systems used within intercultural communication as part of economic (trade) relations. The purpose of the study is to identify linguocultural determinacy and dominants of linguoecology inherent in the differentiated Russian and Chinese terminological systems in the field of international trade . The factual material of the study was Russian and Chinese lexical units of international trade terminological systems (the sample contains more than 500 lexical units). In accordance with the results of the study, out of the total number of the terms examined, 36 % are Russian-language borrowed units adapted with the help of semantic calquing 9 % out of 36 %); 64 % of units are borrowed with the use of transcription, out of which - transliteration 52 %) and other methods 12 %). Of the total number of Chinese terms considered, only 18 % are borrowings that, when entering the Chinese language, had undergone only phonetic and graphic types of adaptation; 29 % of the units are borrowed with the help of morphemic and semantic calquing and hybrids; 9 % are terms written in the Latin alphabet; upon that, 44 % of the units are native terms. In conclusion , the article suggests, that the terminological systems of international trade in the Russian and Chinese languages are influenced by conditions associated with the specifics of the languages themselves and with the mentality of the peoples of Russia and China, on the one hand, and with the processes of globalization, on the other hand.