Advances in Antihypertensive Drug Therapies A Comprehensive Review of Mechanism, Efficacy, and Side Effects

Hypertension remains a prevalent health concern worldwide, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive review provides a detailed examination of antihypertensive medications, encompassing their mechanisms of action, classification, and associated adverse effects.The discussion begins with an exploration of risk factors contributing to hypertension, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle modifications in reducing susceptibility. Subsequently, the signs and symptoms indicative of elevated blood pressure are outlined to facilitate early detection and intervention.The main focus of the review is on antihypertensive drugs, starting with diuretics, which act by promoting diuresis and sodium excretion. Thiazide, loop, and potassium sparing diuretics are examined in depth, elucidating their pharmacokinetics and adverse effects.Renin angiotensin system inhibitors, including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors, are discussed next, emphasizing their role in regulating blood pressure and protecting target organs from hypertensive damage. The pharmacokinetic profiles and potential adverse effects of each class are thoroughly examined.Sympathetic inhibitors, such as beta adrenergic and alpha adrenergic blockers, are then reviewed for their efficacy in mitigating hypertension through modulation of sympathetic pathways. Pharmacokinetic considerations and adverse effects are highlighted to guide clinical decision making.Finally, calcium channel blockers and vasodilators are explored for their vasodilatory effects and ability to reduce peripheral resistance. Pharmacokinetic properties and associated adverse effects are discussed to inform therapeutic management.Overall, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of antihypertensive medications, providing clinicians with valuable insights into their mechanisms, classification, and adverse effects to facilitate optimal treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes in the management of hypertension. Mahesh Sudam Kate | Rushikesh Somnath Murkute | Anand Santosh Murkute | Swapnil Vilas Shinde "Advances in Antihypertensive Drug Therapies: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanism, Efficacy, & Side Effects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-2 , April 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64777.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/64777/advances-in-antihypertensive-drug-therapies-a-comprehensive-review-of-mechanism-efficacy-and-side-effects/mahesh-sudam-kate