MARINE BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CHALLENGES

Marine biodiversity in India encompasses a diverse array of ecosystems, species, and genetic resources, playing a crucial role in the nation's natural heritage and ecological balance. The legal framework governing marine biodiversity primarily consists of legislations such as the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980, Environment (Protection) Act of 1986, Biological Diversity Act of 2002, and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notifications. These laws aim to regulate activities affecting marine biodiversity and promote sustainable practices. However, despite the existence of these legal instruments, India faces significant challenges in marine biodiversity conservation, including overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change impacts. Insufficient enforcement, inadequate monitoring, and coordination gaps further hinder effective conservation efforts. This paper discusses the legal framework, key challenges, and emphasizes the need for integrated approaches and collaborative efforts to ensure the sustainable management and preservation of India's marine biodiversity.