Ecological Sensitivity Analysis of Kaiping City Based on GIS and AHP Method

Ecological sensitivity analysis is an indicator for studying regional ecological potential problems and environmental measurement, which plays an important role in regional ecological planning and management. In this study, Geographic information system (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to analyze the sensitivity of the ecological environment of Kaiping City. Five evaluation indicators were selected to construct a sensitivity factor level index system, and the evaluation and spatial analysis were carried out. Firstly, the single-factor evaluation was carried out, the AHP method was used to determine the weights of each factor, and then, based on the GIS spatial analysis function, the comprehensive ecological sensitivity was divided into five levels, and the comprehensive ecological environment sensitivity distribution map was obtained. The results showed that: (1) Among the five ecological evaluation factors, land use factors had the greatest impact on the sensitivity of the ecological environment in Kaiping, with a weight value of 0.48. According to the degree of impact on ecological sensitivity, they are ranked as land use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI）, elevation, slope, and water buffer from largest to smallest. (2) The overall sensitivity of the ecological environment was high, with the extremely highly areas and highly sensitive areas accounting for 46.23% of the total area, the medium sensitivity areas accounting for 10.04% of the total area, and the sum of extremely low sensitivity areas and low sensitivity areas accounting for 43.47%. (3) In terms of spatial distribution, the extremely highly sensitive areas and high sensitivity areas of the ecological environment are distributed at the edges of the south and north; the extremely low sensitivity areas and low sensitivity areas are distributed in the central and eastern parts and extend to the north and south sides.