COVID-19 and its Impact on Lung Health: A Comprehensive Review of Post-Acute Sequelae and Management Strategies

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound and lasting impact on global health. While the acute respiratory manifestations of the disease have been well-documented, this comprehensive review explores the extensive and complex post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on lung health. Beyond the acute phase of the illness, COVID-19 survivors may experience a spectrum of persistent respiratory symptoms and complications. These encompass a wide range of clinical presentations, including dyspnea, persistent cough, chest pain, and radiological evidence of lung abnormalities. Additionally, post-acute sequelae can progress to pulmonary fibrosis and other chronic lung disorders, posing significant challenges for both patients and healthcare systems. In response to these challenges, the paper provides an in-depth examination of various management strategies aimed at ameliorating the long-term effects of COVID-19 on lung health. These strategies encompass pharmacological interventions, pulmonary rehabilitation programs, lifestyle modifications, and psychosocial support. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care and personalized treatment plans for COVID-19 survivors, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to refine our understanding of post-acute sequelae and optimal management approaches. As the world continues to grapple with the enduring consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, a comprehensive understanding of the post-acute effects on lung health is vital for healthcare providers, policymakers, and affected individuals alike. This review aims to shed light on the evolving landscape of COVID-19 and its impact on lung health, providing insights that can inform clinical practice, research endeavors, and public health strategies in the ongoing battle against this unprecedented global health crisis.