RABIES EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH AUTHORITIES EFFORTS IN CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF THE DISEASE IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Rabies, a fatal zoonotic disease, has significant public health and economic impacts globally. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, rabies presents a significant challenge due to its prevalence among both domestic and wild animals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of rabies epidemiology in Saudi Arabia, detailing the clinical forms, pathogenesis, transmission modes, and clinical manifestations in humans and animals. The control and prevention strategies employed by Saudi health authorities, including public health policies and vaccination campaigns, are critically analyzed. Despite the implementation of advanced healthcare and preventive measures, rabies persists as a significant threat, particularly in regions with a high incidence of animal bites. This review emphasizes the necessity for continuous monitoring, enhanced public awareness, and improved diagnostic capabilities to mitigate rabies transmission and ensure public health safety in Saudi Arabia and the broader Gulf region.