A REVIEW ON HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES USING VARIOUS ENERGY STORAGE: A MODERN APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Climate change, diminishing reserves of fossil fuels, and energy security demand alternatives to our current course of energy usage and consumption. Energy storage technology has become an enabling technology for renewable energy applications and enhancing power quality in the transmission and distribution power systems. There are various types of energy storage technology are present nowadays, including compressed air energy storage(CAES), flywheel energy storage(FES), pumped hydro energy storage(PHES), battery energy storage(BES), flow battery energy storage(FBES), super conducting magnetic energy storage(SMES), super capacitor energy storage(SCES), hydrogen energy storage, synthetic fuels, and thermal energy storage(TES) and today's one of the most talked technology using these Energy storage system is Electric Vehicles. Electric vehicles are superior to internal combustion engines (ICE) in efficiency, endurance, durability, acceleration capability and simplicity. Also, they can recover some energy during regenerative braking and they are also friendly with the environment. There are now four types of electric cars: battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). And there are three charging methods for electric vehicles, namely conductive, inductive, and battery exchange. This paper will show a detail study of different energy storage systems' characteristics with their suitability as a storage unit of Electric vehicle.