A REVIEW OF THE SOL-GEL PROCESS AND ITS APPLICATION

The sol-gel process has been very useful to produce nanomaterials using different precursors since the early days. Precursors like metal alkoxide or organic/inorganic hybrids are dissolved in alcohol or water and converted into gel after alcoholysis or hydrolysis. The low temperature and low cost of the sol-gel technique make it more convenient than other methods. In comparison to other method, it has good control over the homogeneity of the particles. This process is very much used in ceramics, composites, thin film coating, and other industrial purposes. This review is a study about the process and application of sol-gel-derived materials. The historical point of view of this process is also explained in this review.