Effect of Hemodialysis on Urea Reduction Ratio, Serum Electrolytes, Calcium, Phosphorus and Bicarbonate in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: Accumulation of fluid, toxins and electrolytes in end stage renal disease, represents the terminal stage (stage 5) of Chronic Kidney disease (CKD). Hence the toxins have to be removed by the renal replacement therapy like dialysis or kidney transplantation. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on urea reduction ratio, serum electrolytes, bicarbonate, calcium and phosphorus in CKD patients. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 100 CKD patients, attending the outpatient department of nephrology for dialysis. The study participants included both males and females of age ≥ 18 years. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Under strict aseptic precautions, 2.5 ml of venous blood was obtained immediately before and after the dialysis session in clot activator tubes. It was used for the estimation of urea, creatinine, electrolytes, bicarbonate, calcium and phosphate. Results: There was a significant decrease in serum urea, creatinine, potassium and phosphorus before and after hemodialysis. The value of sodium and bicarbonate were significantly increased in post dialysis sample. No significant association was observed between the sociodemographic features and the urea reduction ratio. Conclusion: Thus, the urea reduction ratio is the significant marker of adequacy of hemodialysis and monitoring of serum electrolytes, calcium, phosphorus and bicarbonate have an important role as prognostic markers among CKD patients on hemodialysis.