Boundary Layer Modelling of Flow Acceleration and Energy Transfer Effects in Smart Pavement Design

The integration of remote technology into the construction industry has advanced the emergence of smart, self-learning infrastructure across all levels of land transportation design and development. However, energy harvesting capabilities for smart road ventilation purposes have not yet been fully researched as the world gravitates towards energy sustainability. This study thus presents a mathematical investigation of the self-draining design potentials of road pavements, leveraging on energy absorption and conversion to accelerate conductive and convective ventilation of these pavements during wet conditions, as a means of ensuring the skid resistance and safety of such pavements are not compromised. Applying numerical methods with the aid of commercial software code MATLAB®, the classical physics of fluid-surface interaction was used to model accelerated drainage of microflood off paved surfaces through methodical modification of the thickness of the boundary layer associated with the flow regime over the flat road surface. Results indicate significant influences of energy exchange, thermal, and viscous diffusivity on flow acceleration. Alterations in parameters such as the slip factor, thermally induced Brownian motion or phoretic characteristics of the fluid particles at the boundary induce accelerated flow at the surface of the pavement. The findings contribute to the advancement of smart infrastructure by offering practical insights into the potential benefits of integrating energy-harvesting technologies into road pavement systems. By optimizing flow acceleration mechanisms, smart pavements can play a crucial role in improving road safety and sustainability in urban environments.