Composite Materials for Limb Prosthetics Liners

Managing the soft tissues of residual limbs in individuals with lower limb amputations presents a significant challenge. Unlike the plantar tissues of an intact foot, the soft tissues of the residual limb are unaccustomed to mechanical loading. Consequently, the loads transferred to the residual limb by the prosthetic socket can frequently lead to the development of ulcers and other skin issues including infection. This review aimed to comprehensively analyze current research about perspective materials used for prosthetic liners. The most promising materials used for liners includes composite materials, leather and combining phase change materials. Optimizing the material composition of prosthetic liners requires a comprehensive approach that considers both mechanical and surface properties.