INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS

Introduction. The global landscape of international economic relations has been significantly influenced by the investment activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs). In the face of rapid technological advancements, geopolitical shifts, and evolving market conditions, MNEs' strategies and behaviors are undergoing notable transformations. This article examines the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a key factor in the dynamics of international economic relations, providing insight into how MNEs adapt to these changes. Purpose. The article aims to explore the investment activity of MNEs, focusing on contemporary transformations in their behavior, key drivers behind their FDI decisions, and the impact of global economic and political shifts on their operations. The study also seeks to evaluate the influence of these changes on international trade and market integration. Materials and Methods. The research utilizes a combination of statistical analysis of global FDI flows, case studies of leading MNEs, and a review of relevant academic literature and policy reports. Data from MNEs and international organizations such as the UNCTAD are employed to map trends and shifts in investment activities. Results. The study reveals that MNEs are increasingly adapting their investment strategies in response to rising protectionism, digitalization, and the restructuring of global value chains. Key trends include the regionalization of FDI flows, growing investment in digital and green sectors, and the strategic relocation of production facilities to mitigate risks. Discussion. Future research could explore the long-term implications of these transformations on global economic governance and the role of MNEs in fostering sustainable economic development. The evolution of digital and green investments presents new opportunities for reshaping international economic relations.