SANITARY AND HYGIENE ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF LABOR PROTECTION ON A MARINE VESSEL

Introduction. The relevance of sanitary and hygienic conditions on maritime vessels is extremely important, as the health and safety of seafarers directly depend on the conditions of work onboard. In the context of globalization and the intensification of maritime transport, there is a growing need to comply with international standards and improve the living conditions of crews. The research focuses on analyzing current international norms such as the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC 2006), which regulate sanitary and hygienic aspects on ships. The presented material helps to understand how changes in international law and legislation of foreign countries have influenced the improvement of living and working conditions for seafarers. Purpose. The aim of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of legal regulation of sanitary and hygienic standards of labor protection on a maritime vessel. Materials and Methods. The materials of the study include: 1) regulatory legal provision regarding the regulation of expenses for paying remuneration to employees of the enterprise; 2) works of domestic and foreign authors conducting their scientificpractical research in the field of sanitary and hygienic standards of labor protection and their legal regulation. In the process of conducting the research, such scientific methods were used: systemic (which helps to see the legal regulation of guarantees of labor protection at sea, on one hand, and sanitary and hygienic standards — on the other — as a system of norms connected by unified principles and foundations, namely, providing proper conditions of work and rest for hired workers at sea. Results. There is an urgent need to initiate reforms in the maritime industry, which include not only the modernization of infrastructure but also the improvement of living conditions on board vessels. An important aspect is the implementation of the latest technological solutions for water and air purification, which can significantly improve the quality of life for seafarers and reduce the risk of diseases. Educational programs for crews, which cover personal hygiene rules, proper nutrition, and first aid, are necessary to increase seafarers' awareness of the basics of a healthy lifestyle at sea. It is reasoned that the activation of international cooperation and participation in global initiatives for monitoring and compliance with international conventions can facilitate the unification of standards and ensure their uniform application in all countries. Such cooperation can include knowledge sharing, joint training programs, and technical support for developing countries to ensure a high level of health protection on all ships, regardless of their flag. Discussion. Future research on this topic should focus on the use of artificial intelligence to optimize sanitary and hygienic conditions and their legal regulation for hired workers at sea. Additionally, particular attention needs to be paid to those hired workers at sea who perform certain work not under an employment contract, but under a civil one, resulting in some guarantees of hired labor not being extended to them, requiring further resolution.