Weed competitiveness of popular maize varieties of Bangladesh

Weed competition is a major constraint to maize production, and the selection of weed-competitive varieties can significantly reduce yield losses necessitating the identification of varieties with superior weed competitiveness. This study evaluated the weed competitiveness of 12 popular maize varieties in Bangladesh under weedy and weed-free conditions during the 2018-2019 rabi season using a split-plot design. Weed competitiveness was assessed based on crop growth, yield, weed density, and weed dry biomass. Results revealed significant variability in weed competitiveness among the tested varieties. BARI Hybrid Bhutta 13 exhibited the highest weed competitiveness, with the lowest relative yield loss (40%) and the highest weed competitive index (6.9). In contrast, Hiramon showed the highest relative yield loss (85%), closely followed by Mohabir and PacD22, while Khoi Bhutta recorded the lowest weed competitive index. Under season-long weedy and weed-free conditions, BARI Hybrid Bhutta 13 achieved the highest grain yield (9.8 t ha⁻¹), whereas BARI Hybrid Bhutta 12 and Mohabir produced the lowest yields in both conditions. These findings highlight substantial varietal differences in weed competitiveness, emphasizing the potential of selecting weed-tolerant maize varieties to mitigate yield losses and improve productivity. This study provides valuable insights for farmers and breeders in identifying and promoting weed-competitive maize varieties, contributing to sustainable maize production in Bangladesh.