Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: From Plastics to Orthopedic Medicine

The versatility of biopolymers, combined with the constant need for alternative materials for orthopedic prostheses, and the growing demand for biocompatible materials, led scientists to develop Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), which is now widely used in orthopedic prostheses and total hip and knee replacements. This article presents the most significant characteristics that support its applicability to medicine, with the relevant historical context. Thus, this research is dedicated to the uses of UHMWPE, its impact on medicine, along with its structure and properties that make it so unique, highlighting its applications in total joint replacements. The findings were structured following a literature review of theses, company data sheets dedicated to its production, and scientific articles related to the subject, through the collection and analysis of the most relevant data. This article also provides information on the methods and procedures for manufacturing UHMWPE, as well as some of the advantages of using this distinctive polyethylene, which delivers better performance due to its mechanical properties. It stands out among other biopolymers due to its high impact resistance, low friction coefficient, and considerable hardness, placing it among the top materials for orthopedic implants.