UN SECOND CANCER CHEZ LENFANT : QUEL RISQUE?

Cancers in children, although rare (around 1% of all cancers), pose complex challenges, particularly in the event of the development of a second cancer. This work presents two clinical cases illustrating this issue. The first concerns an 8-year-old patient, initially treated for histiocytosis, who developed acute myeloid leukemia and died following a relapse and hemorrhagic syndrome. The second case concerns a 3 years and 11 months old nephroblastoma survivor who developed hyperleukocytic acute leukemia two years after the end of her treatment, and died before any specific treatment could be started. These cases underline the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and long-term monitoring to better understand and prevent second cancers in children, a rare but serious complication. Recent advances offer promising prospects, but further efforts are needed to reduce risks and improve survivors quality of life.