RELIGIOUS RATIONALITY AND CIVIL SOCIETY: FROM THE THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF ABU MANSUR AL-MATURIDI TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL MODEL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES BY ALEXANDER IGNOTENKO

This article presents a philosophical analysis of the relationship between religious subjectivity (conscious faith) and civil society. The authors, drawing on the theological teachings of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi and the contemporary religious philosophy of Alexander Ignotenko, argue that a rational and ethical understanding of religion can serve as a foundational basis for the development of civil society. The study offers a comparative analysis of the concepts of “conscience,” “freedom,” “responsibility,” and “coexistence” within the framework of modern secular theories.