A comprehensive study on pH-sensitive nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of drugs

PH-sensitive nanoparticles are smart nanoparticles created to respond to changes in the pH of their surroundings. These nanoparticles contain polymers that undergo structure or chemical change in response to acidic and alkaline conditions. Their ability to alter their characteristics, including size, charge, and solubility, depends upon pH variation. This makes them highly useful in various applications, including targeted drug delivery, disease examination, improving therapeutic efficacy, and reducing systemic toxicity. pH-sensitive nanoparticles can release medication in a specific site with abnormal pH levels, such as a tumor or inflamed area. It also improved oral bioavailability and enhanced the residence time in the gastrointestinal tract, mucoadhesion, permeability of the gut, increased solubility, and faster dissolution of weakly soluble medications. This review article aims to explore the latest advancements in drug development and application of drug delivery systems, focusing on the mechanism of pH-sensitive Nanoparticles and their different types, as well as the challenges, limitations, and prospects in improving their efficacy for targeted and controlled drug release.