Optimization and modeling of a solar air system for residential thermal comfort in tropical climate

This study presents a solar air system designed for heating, cooling, and air conditioning in buildings. The system uses a flat-plate solar collector and a photovoltaic panel to capture solar energy. Heated air circulates through a thermal chamber to maintain indoor comfort. An electric resistor and a cold-water circuit provide backup heating or cooling. The thermal modeling is based on analytical equations and an energy signature method. Simulations are performed using Matlab with local data from Antananarivo. The system operates using a thermodynamic process similar to the Carnot cycle. Results show variable thermal efficiency throughout the day, with a performance coefficient above 3. This system ensures thermal comfort while reducing fossil energy consumption. It fits well with tropical climate conditions and the needs of low-income households.