Characteristics of selection traits in new accessions of spring barley Hordeum vulgare L. in the conditions of North-West Russia

The research was conducted in 2020-2021 at Leningrad Research Institute ‘Belogorka’ - a branch of Russian Potato Research Centre, located in the village of Belogorka, Gatchina district, Leningrad region. The research was carried out to identify sources of economically valuable traits from the collection of Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources on the main elements of crop structure to create valuable breeding material for spring barley. In accordance with the Methodological Guidelines for the Study and Preservation of the World Collection of Barley and Oats (2012) and the International comecon list of descriptors for genus Hordeum L. (1983), 17 new spring barley cultivars of different ecological and geographical origins were studied over two years. Two cultivars were used as standards - Suzdalets (by yield) selected by several organizations and Leningradsky (by early ripening) selected by Leningrad Research Agricultural Institute ‘Belogorka’. The standard cv. Leningradsky surpassed cv. Magutny (Belarus) by early ripening in both years. 7 cultivars were identified (Dhow, Dokuchaevsky 15, Lun, Magutny, Mustang, J.B. Maltasia, and Kazak), for which maturation occurred 5-14 days earlier compared to standard cv. Suzdalets (growing season averaged 81 days over two years). According to productive tillers, 3 cultivars were identified that exceeded the standard cv. Suzdalets (3.0 plants): Magutny - by 0.3, Dhow - by 0.5 and J.B. Maltasia - by 0.6 plants. By weight of 1000 grains (more than 45.9 g), 6 varieties were identified: Rubiola, Shlyakhtsich, Beatrice, Magutny, Kazak and Lun. A cultivar resistant to powdery mildew in both years of study was distinguished - J.B. Maltasia. The selected cultivars will be used in the breeding process as genetic sources of agronomic traits in the conditions of the Leningrad region.