Who Broke the Rule? Emotion, Ethics and the Play of Criminality in Contemporary Indian Folktales for Children

What if a lie could be funny, a broken promise to be clever, and a criminal to be kind? In the world of modern Indian folktales, especially those produced after 2000s by platforms like Karadi Tales and Tulika Books, animated storytelling reimagines wrongdoing in playful and emotionally complex ways. This article explores how such visual narratives frame criminality not as a fixed moral failure, but as a site of humour, cleverness and even wonder. Rather than offering clear moral lessons, these folktales position the child as an active moral interpreter, invited to navigate shifting perspectives and emotional cues. Focusing on two animated stories, The Lion's Feast (2006) and Paati's Beats (2018) this analysis examines moments of mischief, deception, and ethical ambiguity without clear resolution. What counts as a crime - and who is the criminal - often depends on narrative framing and viewer response. In parallel, it draws on Narrative Positioning Theory (Davies and Harre 1990; Kayi Aydar 2019) to explore how children are invited to take up roles such as hero, trickster, or bystander. Ultimately, this study attempts to show how animated folktales encourage children to think about justice, not as a rulebook, but as a story to feel their way through.