The Rule of Law: Between Ideology and Myth

This article provides a critical analysis of the “rule of law,” viewing it as an ideologeme and a social myth. The author explores how this concept, despite its amorphous and polysemous nature, has acquired the status as a tool for addressing global challenges. The article traces the origin and functions of the myth of the rule of law, highlighting its role in the ideological legitimation of power, the formation of national ideologies, and its influence on mass psychology. Employing Roland Barthes’ approach to myth deconstruction, the author identifies rhetorical figures that render conceptions of the rule of law both persuasive and ideologically charged. It is emphasized that the idea of the rule of law often serves as an instrument for justifying hegemonic policies, creating an illusion of legitimacy, and obscuring structural contradictions. In conclusion, the article argues that, despite its mythological character, the idea of the rule of law retains social significance, and its critical understanding is essential for a sober assessment of its potential and limitations.