Formalization and quantitative measurement of synergy as a process and result: methodological approach and instrumental solutions

The article presents a comprehensive approach to the formalization of synergy as both a process and a result, enabling its functionalization, digitization, and manageability in complex systems. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a mathematical model of synergy that integrates quantitative and qualitative metrics, including Shapley methods and Partial Information Decomposition, as well as a prototype architecture of an information tool for data collection, synergy computation, and support of the experimental management cycle. The proposed multi-approach increases measurement accuracy and enables effective management of synergistic effects, which has significant practical relevance in various fields, including economics, biology, technology, and social sciences. The necessity of developing a dedicated ISO standard is substantiated, aimed at unifying terminology, assessment methods, and synergy management principles arising from the integration of management systems based on the High-Level Structure, with the goal of improving efficiency, reducing process duplication, and providing an evidence base to support sustainable development.