The model of the structural dynamics of cross-­industry and cross-­country economic cooperation between the BRICS countries in the field of technological sovereignty

The study evaluates the structure and dynamics of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and BRICS, with a focus on technological transfer. The methods of assessing the intersectoral interactions and technological asymmetry of the BRICS countries, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are considered and investigated. The evolution of this tool for the tasks of international economic relations is described. A comparative analysis of the innovation systems of the BRICS countries, their structural features and the asymmetry of development is carried out. The study presents a comprehensive model for analyzing the structural dynamics of cross-­industry and cross-­country economic cooperation between the BRICS countries in the context of technological sovereignty. The developed methodology integrates three key approaches: Leontiev’s intersectoral balance, Yershov’s dynamic models, and Hausmann-­Hidalgo network analysis, which allows us to consider technological gaps, institutional constraints, and the asymmetry of interactions between countries. The focus is on the study of technological transfer coefficients, which demonstrate significant asymmetry, especially in relations between Russia and China. The model includes modified matrices of intersectoral relationships, considering sanctions restrictions and currency factors, as well as dynamic components reflecting capital accumulation and adaptation of price mechanisms. Network analysis based on the country-­technology matrix makes it possible to assess the trajectories of technological development and the potential for economic diversification. The study revealed critical technological dependencies between the BRICS countries; the impact of sanctions pressure on structural changes has been assessed; the scenarios of import substitution and strengthening of technological sovereignty have been evaluated. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the model to form strategies for international cooperation, optimize value chains and predict growth points in the context of global turbulence.