Regional development paradigm: geographical aspects of tourist and recreational destinations

Tourism and recreation are a multidisciplinary phenomenon that accumulates natural, socio-cultural, economic and environmental factors, integrating them in a specific geographical space. Geographical research of tourist and recreational destinations is a scientific basis for spatial planning, the formation of tourist clusters, strategic positioning of regions and the implementation of the concept of their sustainable development, which consists in substantiating an integrated approach to clustering and typification of destinations in Ukraine based on geographical aspects and a mix model of cluster analysis, which are supplemented by a model of the life cycle of destinations taking into account external and internal factors of the post-war reconstruction of the country. Rethinking the geographical aspects of the development of destinations for the economic, social and cultural recovery of Ukraine based on the search for an effective cluster model for the development of the tourist and recreational complex and the principles of public-private partnership. Therefore, the analysis of the geographical typology of destinations in the study is based on taking into account the spatial, natural-geographical and landscape characteristics of the territories. Spatial types of destination organization reflect the degree of compactness, interconnection and concentration of tourist functions within a specific territory. Outside a specific destination, external factors are formed and developed, which are the result of global, national or interregional processes and act as catalysts or constraints that shape the general environment for the functioning of the tourist and recreational space. They set macro conditions: geopolitical stability, investment climate, political will to support private-public partnership, international aid, etc. The ability of territorial communities, business and authorities to use external incentives; adapt to challenges (in particular post-war ones) and mobilize available resources are internal factors and the driving force of cluster formation. The classification of clustering models of tourist and recreational destinations allows to form a systemic basis for their typification and strategic management of development, and the use of a cluster mix model, which combines hierarchical clustering, k-means algorithms, density clustering methods (DBSCAN), as well as network approaches (Louvain, Girvan–Newman), provides a flexible, comprehensive and adaptive toolkit for analyzing the structural, functional and spatial features of tourist and recreational territories.