Problems of employment of graduates of higher education institutions in the labor market in conditions of war and post-war recovery

The article examines the current problems of employment of graduates of higher education institutions of Ukraine. The process of transformation of the regulatory and legislative framework of the labor market regarding employment of graduates of higher education institutions during the period of Ukraine's independence is studied. It is proven that the graduate employment system has moved from state distribution to a market-oriented model with an emphasis on skills, digital tools, and partnerships with business and is viewed as a complex ecosystem that connects the graduate, the higher education institution, the employer, the state, and the international community. A categorical apparatus has been determined in accordance with the regulatory and legislative framework on the problem of employment of graduates of the real sector of the economy. The state of validity of the regulatory and legislative framework regarding the employment of graduates of higher education institutions of Ukraine has been monitored. The study proposed a set of recommendations aimed at improving approaches to regulating and supporting the employment of higher education graduates, in particular: updating and modernizing the regulatory framework that defines mechanisms for promoting youth employment; introduction of modern statistical reporting forms that will provide complete, reliable and comparative information on the employment results of graduates by region, specialty and form of study and will become the basis for conducting high-quality monitoring; regulation of the activities of employment departments of higher education institutions by approving state requirements for their structure, functions and responsibilities; integration of national educational registers, in particular, Unified State Electronic Database for Educational Information, with international information systems. The need for deepening interaction between higher education institutions, employers, and state institutions is substantiated in order to ensure the successful integration of young professionals into the modern labor market. It was emphasized that such cooperation should be systematic, technologically supported, and focused on the real needs of the economy, especially in the context of the war and post-war development of the state.