Exploration of the causes of rails superficial defects formation

By methods of optical and scanning electron microscopy, and also micro X-ray spectral analysis features of the superficial defects observed on rails, are investigated. It is fixed that they are rolling films, rolled cracks, gas holes, rolled tearing which can be filled with oxides of complex composition, oxide scale and aluminosilicate, and formed in process of steel-smelting and rolling repartitions of blooms and rails. It is shown that formation of superficial defects can be promoted by presence in metal of congestions oxide and aluminosilicate inclusions